MediRapp Academy

Free, guideline-based echocardiography tutorials, written by cardiologists and open to everyone.

The same clinically reviewed tutorials our cardiologists use inside EchoRapp: 32 topics and counting.

Most visited

Pressure recovery in aortic stenosis

Pressure recovery explains why Doppler gradients can exceed catheter gradients across the same valve. It matters mainly with a small ascending aorta (< 30 mm) and can cause Doppler to overestimate stenosis severity.

Clinically reviewed 15 Jul 2026

Estimating right atrial pressure

RAP is estimated from the IVC diameter and its respiratory variation, then reconciled with secondary signs when the IVC pattern is discordant or unreliable.

Clinically reviewed 22 May 2026

Pericardial effusion by TTE

Estimate effusion size from the maximal end-diastolic echo-free space, then judge significance from chamber collapse, IVC, Doppler variation, and clinical context.

Clinically reviewed 27 May 2026

Left Ventricle

Wall-motion scoring

Score visible LV segments, review WMSI, and describe the observed wall pattern. Coronary territory maps are orientation aids, not patient-specific vessel diagnosis.

Clinically reviewed 25 May 2026

Atria

Left atrium overview

The left atrium section groups volume, AP diameter, strain, and appendage status so size and function can be reviewed together.

Clinically reviewed 24 May 2026

Right atrium overview

The right atrium section groups linear axes, 2D area and volume, 3D volumes, and congenital tags.

Clinically reviewed 24 May 2026

Left atrial diameter

LA AP diameter is a quick parasternal size cross-check and should be interpreted alongside indexed LA volume.

Clinically reviewed 24 May 2026

Left atrial strain

LA strain adds functional context using reservoir, conduit, and contraction components.

Clinically reviewed 24 May 2026

Left atrial volume source

Choose or review the LA volume source used for the indexed LA volume diagnosis.

Clinically reviewed 24 May 2026

Right atrial size

RA size is summarized from linear axes, 2D area, indexed volume, and optional 3D volumes.

Clinically reviewed 24 May 2026

Right atrial volume

RA volume measurements provide chamber-size context and can be compared with 2D area and linear axes.

Clinically reviewed 24 May 2026

Right Heart & Right Ventricle

Right ventricle overview

The RV section groups chamber size, systolic function, strain, RV-PA coupling, and TV inflow so the report stays compact but complete.

Clinically reviewed 24 May 2026

Estimating right atrial pressure

RAP is estimated from the IVC diameter and its respiratory variation, then reconciled with secondary signs when the IVC pattern is discordant or unreliable.

Clinically reviewed 22 May 2026

RV size and morphology

RV size assessment combines chamber diameters, RVOT diameters, indexed values, and anterior wall thickness.

Clinically reviewed 24 May 2026

RV strain

RV strain records global and free-wall deformation from speckle tracking, with import support from structured text.

Clinically reviewed 24 May 2026

RV systolic function

RV systolic function is reported from TAPSE, S', FAC, RIMP, and 3D EF when those measurements are available.

Clinically reviewed 24 May 2026

RV-PA coupling

RV-PA coupling combines TAPSE/PASP ratio and RVOT timing markers to contextualize RV performance under pulmonary load.

Clinically reviewed 24 May 2026

TV inflow and TDI

TV inflow and tricuspid annular TDI fields provide RV diastolic and loading-condition context.

Clinically reviewed 24 May 2026

Aortic Valve

Aortic regurgitation assessment

AR severity is graded by integrating colour Doppler, CW Doppler, aortic flow reversal, vena contracta, quantitative measures, LV response, blood pressure, and image quality.

Clinically reviewed 23 May 2026

Pressure recovery in aortic stenosis

Pressure recovery explains why Doppler gradients can exceed catheter gradients across the same valve. It matters mainly with a small ascending aorta (< 30 mm) and can cause Doppler to overestimate stenosis severity.

Clinically reviewed 15 Jul 2026

Pulmonary Valve

Pulmonary valve overview

The PV section groups annulus size, stenosis level and Doppler gradients, pulmonary regurgitation grade, ED-Doppler pressure estimates, and PISA inputs.

Clinically reviewed 24 May 2026

Pulmonary annulus

Measure the pulmonary annulus in PSAX or long-axis views at the cusp hinge points, typically in systole.

Clinically reviewed 24 May 2026

Pulmonary regurgitation

PR grading integrates colour Doppler, CW Doppler, ED-Doppler pressure estimates, RV response, and clinical context.

Clinically reviewed 24 May 2026

Pulmonary regurgitation PISA

PISA fields are compact by default and appear when data are entered or report density is expanded.

Clinically reviewed 24 May 2026

Pulmonary stenosis

PV stenosis combines obstruction level with peak and mean CW Doppler velocities and gradients.

Clinically reviewed 24 May 2026

Tricuspid Valve

Tricuspid valve overview

Compact overview of TV annulus, morphology, stenosis, pulmonary pressure, and regurgitation measurements.

Clinically reviewed 24 May 2026

Pulmonary pressure from TV and PV signals

TR-derived systolic PAP and PR-derived PAEDP.

Clinically reviewed 24 May 2026

Tricuspid annuloplasty ring

Repaired-mode ring documentation.

Clinically reviewed 24 May 2026

Tricuspid annulus

How to document tricuspid annular diameters for the compact report surface.

Clinically reviewed 24 May 2026

Tricuspid leaflet configuration

Hahn 2023 leaflet configuration image picker.

Clinically reviewed 24 May 2026

Tricuspid PISA

PISA input and derived quantitative TR values.

Clinically reviewed 24 May 2026

Tricuspid regurgitation

Classification, degree, vena contracta, hepatic flow, and PISA fields.

Clinically reviewed 24 May 2026

Tricuspid stenosis

Mean inflow velocity, mean gradient, and heart rate context.

Clinically reviewed 24 May 2026

Prosthetic Valves

Prosthetic valve assessment

Prosthetic valve gradients are flow-dependent. During follow-up, compare with baseline and combine gradients with DVI, EOA, contour, motion, and regurgitation to decide whether the valve behaves normally.

Clinically reviewed 23 May 2026

Pericardium

Pericardial effusion by TTE

Estimate effusion size from the maximal end-diastolic echo-free space, then judge significance from chamber collapse, IVC, Doppler variation, and clinical context.

Clinically reviewed 27 May 2026

Let’s bring AI echocardiography to your clinic

Book a demo
Background ImageBackground ImageBackground Image